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The Chiaia Funicular (Italian: ''Funicolare Chiaia'') is a funicular railway line that forms part of the Metropolitana di Napoli (Napoli Metro), which is the main part of the metro system for the city of Naples, Italy. Opened in 1889, the Chiaia Funicular is one of the oldest funicular railways in the world, and carries over half a million passengers per year.〔http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100〕 The Chiaia Funicular connects 4 stations, Cimarosa Station, Palazzolo Station, Corso Vittorio Emanuele Station, and Regina Magherita Station, primarily connecting Piazza Vanvitelli at the top of Vomero Hill to Rione Amadeo. The Chiaia line connects with Line 1, and the Central Funicular at Via Cimarosa, and with Line 2 at Via Regina Margherita. At Cimarosa the Chiaia is connected by a subway, permitting access to the Metropolitana di Napoli (Naples Metro) without having to reach the street surface. ==History== In the second half of the 19th century, the Vomero hill area to the northwest of Naples began to expand as a new residential area. Because of the steep incline of the hill it was difficult to access though. As a result, construction soon began on both the Chiaia and Montesanto Funicular cable railways. A local engineering firm, Le Officine Nazionali di Savigliano was granted the tender for all engineering, electric and mechanical work on the line. Nearly 300 metres shorter than the Montesanto inclien, the Chiaia Funicular was the first to be completed, opening to the public on 15 October 1889, and making it the third oldest funicular railway in the world. Only the Giessbachbahn funicular in Switzerland (1879),〔Walter Hefti: Schienenseilbahnen in aller Welt. Schiefe Seilebenen, Standseilbahnen, Kabelbahnen. Birkhäuser, Basel 1975, ISBN 3-7643-0726-9〕 and the Telegraph Hill Railroad in San Francisco, USA (1886), are older. For the first eleven years of operation, the Chiaia funicular was powered by Escher Wyss steam engines, but in 1900 the line became electrified. The new twin-electric engines, provided by Brown Boveri & Co, gave 135 horsepower each, and greatly improved efficiency.〔http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100〕 In 1914 the original cars were replaced after 25 years of service, and two years later, in 1916, a third station, Palazzolo was inaugurated on the line. Until 1926 it only operated three stops, with the opening of Palazzolo Station (Parco Marcolini), delayed due to difficulty in accessing the area in which its construction was planned. OTIS elevators were included in its design to improve access to the platform at this station. With the fourth planned station finally fully operational by 1926, the line had finally been completed as planned, 37 years after it had first opened. The opening of Palazzolo Station was the last change to the line for the next fifty years. The Chiaia line was not affected by either of the world wars, and continued to operate throughout both conflicts. In 1975 Azienda Tranvie Autofilovie Napoletane (ATAN - Neapolitan Light Rail Company) replaced the Società Ferrovie del Vomero (Vomero Train Society) as the operator of the line. Having reviewed its condition, in 1976 the entire line was overhauled and upgraded. A major modernisation programmed was begun, with Giustino Costruzioni given responsibility for the engineering works, Officine Mecchaniche Agudio carrying out electronic and mechanical work, Lovisolo constructing brand new cars, B.M.B. installing new modern electrical controls, and Fitre (later replaced by Holtz) undertaking transmission and safety work.〔http://www.metro.na.it/metro/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=82&Itemid=100〕 The refurbished Chiaia Funicular reopened to the public on 22 September 1977, although accusations of inadequate engineering works were levelled at the contractors, and these problems were not finally rectified until 2004. In 1995 the line's operator, ATAN, was rebranded as Azienda Napoletana Mobilità (ANM - Neapolitan Mobility Agency), and in 1998, further works were carried out to again modernise the line. In February 2001 ANM was replaced by Metronapoli as the new operator of the line, and continues its management to the present. By 2003 the latest upgrade works had been completed and that work saw the line completely restored and brought up to adequate European safety standards. It also resulted in all of the stations being redone in Art Nouveau style, restoring the line to its former splendor. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Chiaia Funicular」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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